reaction in which a double carbon-carbon bond forms a single carbon-carbon bond by the addition of a reactant. Typical reaction for an alkene.

molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms connected by single (σ) bonds

molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond

substituent, consisting of an alkane missing one hydrogen atom, attached to a larger structure

molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond

cyclic molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen with delocalized alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds, resulting in enhanced stability

part of an organic molecule that imparts a specific chemical reactivity to the molecule

natural or synthetic compound that contains carbon

saturated hydrocarbon

molecule containing carbon and hydrogen that has only single bonds between carbon atoms

shorthand method of drawing organic molecules in which carbon atoms are represented by the ends of lines and bends in between lines, and hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms are not shown (but are understood to be present by the context of the structure)

branch or functional group that replaces hydrogen atoms in a larger hydrocarbon chain

substitution reaction

reaction in which one atom replaces another in a molecule

Hydrocarbons: practice problems

15 problems from the book, with its answers. Check your working, or have any of them explained to you on the whiteboard.

Key terms · 12

addition reaction: reaction in which a double carbon-carbon bond forms a single carbon-carbon bond by the addition of a reactant. Typical reaction for an alkene.
alkane: molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms connected by single (σ) bonds
alkene: molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond
alkyl group: substituent, consisting of an alkane missing one hydrogen atom, attached to a larger structure
alkyne: molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond
aromatic hydrocarbon: cyclic molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen with delocalized alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds, resulting in enhanced stability
functional group: part of an organic molecule that imparts a specific chemical reactivity to the molecule
organic compound: natural or synthetic compound that contains carbon
saturated hydrocarbon: molecule containing carbon and hydrogen that has only single bonds between carbon atoms
skeletal structure: shorthand method of drawing organic molecules in which carbon atoms are represented by the ends of lines and bends in between lines, and hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms are not shown (but are understood to be present by the context of the structure)
substituent: branch or functional group that replaces hydrogen atoms in a larger hydrocarbon chain
substitution reaction: reaction in which one atom replaces another in a molecule

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Chemistry 2e · 20.1 Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons: practice problems

15 problems from the book, with its answers. Check your working, or have any of them explained to you on the whiteboard.

Exercises 1
Write the chemical formula and Lewis structure of the following, each of which contains five carbon atoms:
(a) an alkane
(b) an alkene
(c) an alkyne
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Exercises 3
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Exercises 5
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Exercises 7
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Exercises 9
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Exercises 11
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Exercises 13
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Exercises 15
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Exercises 17
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Exercises 19
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Exercises 21
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Exercises 23
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Exercises 25
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Exercises 27
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Exercises 29
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Key terms · 12

addition reaction: reaction in which a double carbon-carbon bond forms a single carbon-carbon bond by the addition of a reactant. Typical reaction for an alkene.
alkane: molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms connected by single (σ) bonds
alkene: molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond
alkyl group: substituent, consisting of an alkane missing one hydrogen atom, attached to a larger structure
alkyne: molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond
aromatic hydrocarbon: cyclic molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen with delocalized alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds, resulting in enhanced stability
functional group: part of an organic molecule that imparts a specific chemical reactivity to the molecule
organic compound: natural or synthetic compound that contains carbon
saturated hydrocarbon: molecule containing carbon and hydrogen that has only single bonds between carbon atoms
skeletal structure: shorthand method of drawing organic molecules in which carbon atoms are represented by the ends of lines and bends in between lines, and hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms are not shown (but are understood to be present by the context of the structure)
substituent: branch or functional group that replaces hydrogen atoms in a larger hydrocarbon chain
substitution reaction: reaction in which one atom replaces another in a molecule