one-half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are joined by a covalent bond

effective nuclear charge

charge that leads to the Coulomb force exerted by the nucleus on an electron, calculated as the nuclear charge minus shielding

energy change associated with addition of an electron to a gaseous atom or ion

energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion

group of ions or atoms that have identical electron configurations

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Chemistry 2e · 6.5 Periodic Variations in Element Properties

Periodic Variations in Element Properties: practice problems

10 problems from the book, with its answers. Check your working, or have any of them explained to you on the whiteboard.

Exercises 67
Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the smallest atomic radius: Mg, Sr, Si, Cl, I.
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Exercises 69
Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the largest first ionization energy: Mg, Ba, B, O, Te.
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Exercises 71
Based on their positions in the periodic table, rank the following atoms in order of increasing first ionization energy: F, Li, N, Rb
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Exercises 73
Atoms of which group in the periodic table have a valence shell electron configuration of ns²np³?
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Exercises 75
Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following atoms in order of increasing radius: Mg, Ca, Rb, Cs.
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Exercises 77
Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following ions in order of increasing radius: K⁺, Ca²⁺, Al³⁺, Si⁴⁺.
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Exercises 79
Which atom and/or ion is (are) isoelectronic with Br⁺: Se²⁺, Se, As–, Kr, Ga³⁺, Cl–?
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Exercises 81
Compare both the numbers of protons and electrons present in each to rank the following ions in order of increasing radius: As3–, Br–, K⁺, Mg²⁺.
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Exercises 83
Of the five elements Sn, Si, Sb, O, Te, which has the most endothermic reaction? (E represents an atom.) What name is given to the energy for the reaction?
$E (g) ⟶ E^{+} (g) + e^{-}$
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Exercises 85
Which main group atom would be expected to have the lowest second ionization energy?
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Key terms · 5

covalent radius: one-half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are joined by a covalent bond
effective nuclear charge: charge that leads to the Coulomb force exerted by the nucleus on an electron, calculated as the nuclear charge minus shielding
electron affinity: energy change associated with addition of an electron to a gaseous atom or ion
ionization energy: energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion
isoelectronic: group of ions or atoms that have identical electron configurations

Learn 6.5 on the whiteboard

The tutor teaches the whole section, drawing it out step by step and answering your questions as you go.

Read 6.5 in the textbook · This section on openstax.org

Periodic Variations in Element Properties: practice problems

10 problems from the book, with its answers. Check your working, or have any of them explained to you on the whiteboard.

Exercises 67

Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the smallest atomic radius: Mg, Sr, Si, Cl, I.

Exercises 69

Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the largest first ionization energy: Mg, Ba, B, O, Te.

Exercises 71

Based on their positions in the periodic table, rank the following atoms in order of increasing first ionization energy: F, Li, N, Rb

Exercises 73

Atoms of which group in the periodic table have a valence shell electron configuration of ns²np³?

Exercises 75

Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following atoms in order of increasing radius: Mg, Ca, Rb, Cs.

Exercises 77

Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following ions in order of increasing radius: K⁺, Ca²⁺, Al³⁺, Si⁴⁺.

Exercises 79

Which atom and/or ion is (are) isoelectronic with Br⁺: Se²⁺, Se, As–, Kr, Ga³⁺, Cl–?

Exercises 81

Compare both the numbers of protons and electrons present in each to rank the following ions in order of increasing radius: As3–, Br–, K⁺, Mg²⁺.

Exercises 83

Of the five elements Sn, Si, Sb, O, Te, which has the most endothermic reaction? (E represents an atom.) What name is given to the energy for the reaction?

$E (g) ⟶ E^{+} (g) + e^{-}$

Exercises 85

Which main group atom would be expected to have the lowest second ionization energy?

Key terms · 5

covalent radius: one-half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are joined by a covalent bond
effective nuclear charge: charge that leads to the Coulomb force exerted by the nucleus on an electron, calculated as the nuclear charge minus shielding
electron affinity: energy change associated with addition of an electron to a gaseous atom or ion
ionization energy: energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion
isoelectronic: group of ions or atoms that have identical electron configurations

Learn 6.5 on the whiteboard

The tutor teaches the whole section, drawing it out step by step and answering your questions as you go.

Read 6.5 in the textbook · This section on openstax.org