any of the metals (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium) occupying group 2 of the periodic table; they are reactive, divalent metals that form basic oxides

two or more forms of the same element, in the same physical state, with different chemical structures

heaviest member of group 15; a less reactive metal than other representative metals

metal (representative)

atoms of the metallic elements of groups 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, which form ionic compounds by losing electrons from their outer s or p orbitals

element that has properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals; these elements are typically semiconductors

metals with a protective nonreactive film of oxide or other compound that creates a barrier for chemical reactions; physical or chemical removal of the passivating film allows the metals to demonstrate their expected chemical reactivity

representative element

element where the s and p orbitals are filling

metal among the representative elements

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Chemistry 2e · 18.1 Periodicity

Periodicity: practice problems

7 problems from the book, with its answers. Check your working, or have any of them explained to you on the whiteboard.

Exercises 1
How do alkali metals differ from alkaline earth metals in atomic structure and general properties?
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Exercises 3
Predict the formulas for the nine compounds that may form when each species in column 1 of the table reacts with each species in column 2.
1 2
Na I
Sr Se
Al O
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Exercises 5
Sodium chloride and strontium chloride are both white solids. How could you distinguish one from the other?
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Exercises 7
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of elemental strontium with each of the following:
(a) oxygen
(b) hydrogen bromide
(c) hydrogen
(d) phosphorus
(e) water
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Exercises 9
What is the mass of fish, in kilograms, that one would have to consume to obtain a fatal dose of mercury, if the fish contains 30 parts per million of mercury by weight? (Assume that all the mercury from the fish ends up as mercury(II) chloride in the body and that a fatal dose is 0.20 g of HgCl₂.) How many pounds of fish is this?
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Exercises 11
Does metallic tin react with HCl?
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Exercises 13
Compare the nature of the bonds in PbCl₂ to that of the bonds in PbCl₄.
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Key terms · 8

alkaline earth metal: any of the metals (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium) occupying group 2 of the periodic table; they are reactive, divalent metals that form basic oxides
allotropes: two or more forms of the same element, in the same physical state, with different chemical structures
bismuth: heaviest member of group 15; a less reactive metal than other representative metals
metal (representative): atoms of the metallic elements of groups 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, which form ionic compounds by losing electrons from their outer s or p orbitals
metalloid: element that has properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals; these elements are typically semiconductors
passivation: metals with a protective nonreactive film of oxide or other compound that creates a barrier for chemical reactions; physical or chemical removal of the passivating film allows the metals to demonstrate their expected chemical reactivity
representative element: element where the s and p orbitals are filling
representative metal: metal among the representative elements

Learn 18.1 on the whiteboard

The tutor teaches the whole section, drawing it out step by step and answering your questions as you go.

Read 18.1 in the textbook · This section on openstax.org

Periodicity: practice problems

7 problems from the book, with its answers. Check your working, or have any of them explained to you on the whiteboard.

Exercises 1

How do alkali metals differ from alkaline earth metals in atomic structure and general properties?

Exercises 3

Predict the formulas for the nine compounds that may form when each species in column 1 of the table reacts with each species in column 2.

1	2
Na	I
Sr	Se
Al	O

Exercises 5

Sodium chloride and strontium chloride are both white solids. How could you distinguish one from the other?

Exercises 7

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of elemental strontium with each of the following:

(a) oxygen

(b) hydrogen bromide

(d) phosphorus

(e) water

Exercises 9

What is the mass of fish, in kilograms, that one would have to consume to obtain a fatal dose of mercury, if the fish contains 30 parts per million of mercury by weight? (Assume that all the mercury from the fish ends up as mercury(II) chloride in the body and that a fatal dose is 0.20 g of HgCl₂.) How many pounds of fish is this?

Exercises 11

Does metallic tin react with HCl?

Exercises 13

Compare the nature of the bonds in PbCl₂ to that of the bonds in PbCl₄.

Key terms · 8

alkaline earth metal: any of the metals (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium) occupying group 2 of the periodic table; they are reactive, divalent metals that form basic oxides
allotropes: two or more forms of the same element, in the same physical state, with different chemical structures
bismuth: heaviest member of group 15; a less reactive metal than other representative metals
metal (representative): atoms of the metallic elements of groups 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, which form ionic compounds by losing electrons from their outer s or p orbitals
metalloid: element that has properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals; these elements are typically semiconductors
passivation: metals with a protective nonreactive film of oxide or other compound that creates a barrier for chemical reactions; physical or chemical removal of the passivating film allows the metals to demonstrate their expected chemical reactivity
representative element: element where the s and p orbitals are filling
representative metal: metal among the representative elements

Learn 18.1 on the whiteboard

The tutor teaches the whole section, drawing it out step by step and answering your questions as you go.

Read 18.1 in the textbook · This section on openstax.org