Explain how the volume of the bubbles exhausted by a scuba diver (Figure 9.16) change as they rise to the surface, assuming that they remain intact.
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Chemistry 2e · 9.2 Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law
Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law: practice problems
15 problems from the book, with its answers. Check your working, or have any of them explained to you on the whiteboard.
Exercises 21
An alternate way to state Avogadro’s law is “All other things being equal, the number of molecules in a gas is directly proportional to the volume of the gas.” (a) What is the meaning of the term “directly proportional?” (b) What are the “other things” that must be equal?
Exercises 23
How would the graph in Figure 9.13 change if the number of moles of gas in the sample used to determine the curve were doubled?
Exercises 25
Exercises 27
Exercises 29
Exercises 31
Exercises 33
Exercises 35
Exercises 37
Exercises 39
Exercises 41
Exercises 43
Exercises 45
Exercises 47
Key terms · 10
- absolute zero
- temperature at which the volume of a gas would be zero according to Charles’s law.
- Amontons’s law
- (also, Gay-Lussac’s law) pressure of a given number of moles of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature when the volume is held constant
- Avogadro’s law
- volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressure is proportional to the number of gas molecules
- Boyle’s law
- volume of a given number of moles of gas held at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure under which it is measured
- Charles’s law
- volume of a given number of moles of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature when the pressure is held constant
- ideal gas
- hypothetical gas whose physical properties are perfectly described by the gas laws
- ideal gas constant (R)
- constant derived from the ideal gas equation R = 0.08206 L atm mol^–1 K^–1 or 8.314 L kPa mol^–1 K^–1
- ideal gas law
- relation between the pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of a gas under conditions derived by combination of the simple gas laws
- standard conditions of temperature and pressure (STP)
- 273.15 K (0 °C) and 1 atm (101.325 kPa)
- standard molar volume
- volume of 1 mole of gas at STP, approximately 22.4 L for gases behaving ideally
Learn 9.2 on the whiteboard
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