solid mixture of a metallic element and one or more additional elements

solution that forms with no accompanying energy change

exothermic process in which intermolecular attractive forces between the solute and solvent in a solution are established

physical or chemical change that occurs without the addition of energy from an external source

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Chemistry 2e · 11.1 The Dissolution Process

The Dissolution Process: practice problems

4 problems from the book, with its answers. Check your working, or have any of them explained to you on the whiteboard.

Exercises 1
How do solutions differ from compounds? From other mixtures?
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Exercises 3
When KNO₃ is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is significantly colder than the water was originally.
(a) Is the dissolution of KNO₃ an endothermic or an exothermic process?
(b) What conclusions can you draw about the intermolecular attractions involved in the process?
(c) Is the resulting solution an ideal solution?
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Exercises 5
Indicate the most important types of intermolecular attractions in each of the following solutions:
(a) The solution in Figure 11.2.
(b) NO(l) in CO(l)
(c) Cl₂(g) in Br₂(l)
(d) HCl(g) in benzene C₆H₆(l)
(e) Methanol CH₃OH(l) in H₂O(l)
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Exercises 7
Heat is released when some solutions form; heat is absorbed when other solutions form. Provide a molecular explanation for the difference between these two types of spontaneous processes.
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Key terms · 4

alloy: solid mixture of a metallic element and one or more additional elements
ideal solution: solution that forms with no accompanying energy change
solvation: exothermic process in which intermolecular attractive forces between the solute and solvent in a solution are established
spontaneous process: physical or chemical change that occurs without the addition of energy from an external source

Learn 11.1 on the whiteboard

The tutor teaches the whole section, drawing it out step by step and answering your questions as you go.

Read 11.1 in the textbook · This section on openstax.org

The Dissolution Process: practice problems

4 problems from the book, with its answers. Check your working, or have any of them explained to you on the whiteboard.

Exercises 1

How do solutions differ from compounds? From other mixtures?

Exercises 3

When KNO₃ is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is significantly colder than the water was originally.

(a) Is the dissolution of KNO₃ an endothermic or an exothermic process?

(b) What conclusions can you draw about the intermolecular attractions involved in the process?

Exercises 5

Indicate the most important types of intermolecular attractions in each of the following solutions:

(a) The solution in Figure 11.2.

(b) NO(l) in CO(l)

(d) HCl(g) in benzene C₆H₆(l)

(e) Methanol CH₃OH(l) in H₂O(l)

Exercises 7

Heat is released when some solutions form; heat is absorbed when other solutions form. Provide a molecular explanation for the difference between these two types of spontaneous processes.

Key terms · 4

alloy: solid mixture of a metallic element and one or more additional elements
ideal solution: solution that forms with no accompanying energy change
solvation: exothermic process in which intermolecular attractive forces between the solute and solvent in a solution are established
spontaneous process: physical or chemical change that occurs without the addition of energy from an external source

Learn 11.1 on the whiteboard

The tutor teaches the whole section, drawing it out step by step and answering your questions as you go.

Read 11.1 in the textbook · This section on openstax.org